Aging Silent Killers Of The Aging Body - 1840 Words

Aging: Silent Killers of the Aging Body Desiray E. Hunt SOCI 4135: Sociology of Aging November 10th, 2017 Silent Killers of the Aging Body Abstract: Honor Statement: This term paper is original work. I have not presented any content that has been copied from the works of others or written by someone else. I have carefully checked my work to make sure my citations are accurate and in the standard American Sociological Association format. Furthermore, I understand that any plagiarism will result in a failing grade for this paper. Desiray Elizabeth Hunt 11/10/17 Signature: Date: Silent Killers of the Aging Body†¦show more content†¦Diabetes has a social, political and program significance in the United States. In addition, older adults in late adulthood with diabetes presents public health challenges for the future to come. With involvement from public health, steps can be taken to prevent and control diabetes and the individuals’ health care needs. The Statement of the Topic: What is Diabetes? According to the Center for Disease Control, diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process for use as energy (Center for Disease Control, n.d). The body supplies its energy by turning in most of the food an individual takes in by turning it into glucose, which is sugar for the body to use as energy (Center for Disease Control, n.d). Diabetes develops because the body does not make enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin it produces effectively. As a result, the glucose or sugar builds up in the individuals’ blood. If severe, diabetes has the potential to cause serious health complications which include heart diseases, failure of the kidneys, blindness and lower-extremity amputations (Center for Disease Control, n.d). In fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States (Center for Disease Control, n.d). 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Modernization Theory And Development Of Human Beings

Freedom is essential for the development of human beings. In order for individuals to be free, societies must guarantee a healthy environment which enables citizens to be governed by leaders that represent their interests. The system of government which allows for this is democracy. But democracy, which is a term that comes from the greek demos and kratos â€Å"rule of the people†, will only thrive under appropriate conditions. Modernization theory claims that economic and technological development are the factors conducive to democratic changes (Inglehart, 2014). Economic development is described as â€Å"a process that influences growth and restructuring of an economy to enhance the economic well being of a community, creating jobs and wealth, and improving the quality of life† (Anderson, n.d.). For a long time, Modernization Theory was widely accepted, but after analysing evidence of democratic changes in many nations gathered during the past decades a revised vers ion of it was proposed by Ronald Inglehart, known as the Evolutionary Modernization Theory. According to Inglehart (2014) economic development will tend to lead to democracy, but other outcomes are possible because there are many factors which influence what will happen. Economic development is the main factor that leads to democratization, but cultural change is the other factor that can determine the political outcome in a specific country. Most of the developed countries in the world have democratic regimes. 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Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help Free Essays

People can act as catalysts for change. Both Gow and Taylor use the main character’s circumstances to affect change in attitude amongst the other characters. In ‘Away’, Tom’s fatal illness causes the other characters to realise the value of their lives and become more positive about life. We will write a custom essay sample on Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help or any similar topic only for you Order Now In ‘The help’, Skeeter’s mission to write a book to uncover the harsh mistreatment of the African American helpers to change the white community’s attitude. In both texts the authors use techniques appropriate to their medium to demonstrate this change in attitude. In ‘The Help’ the character Skeeter is the catalyst for change. The change she causes is a change in mentality towards the African American helpers. This change in mentality is represented through Skeeter’s mother. Gow uses contrasting scenes to show the mother’s change in mentality, which is also represented through the general change in the attitude of the white community. This is shown through the juxtaposition of the early scene where Skeeter and her helpers are sitting in the television room watching an African American speak on TV. Skeeter’s mother finds them watching the African American and commands them to turn it off. With the use of a low camera angle Skeeter’s mother shows authority and power over the African American helpers as well as Skeeter herself. In the end scene Skeeter and the African American helpers are watching the same thing on TV. Skeeter sees her mother and goes to turn off the TV. Skeeter’s mother says to leave it on and joins them on the couch. The camera angle changes in this scene from the early scene whereby Taylor makes use of a low camera angle. Skeeter’s mother does not show authority or power over everyone including the African American helpers. Skeeter is shocked by this change in attitude, but is happy that her mother is finally changing her mentality towards the helpers. Therefore through the use of contrasting camera angles, Taylor shows a change in attitude, brought about by the catalyst of Skeeter’s character. In ‘Away’, Gow also uses the main character as the catalyst for change. Like in â€Å"The Help†, the change he causes is a change in mentality of the other characters. This change occurs due to Tom’s fatal illness, which makes the other characters in the play become more positive and realise how precious life is. The change in mentality is shown through one particular character, Gwen. The techniques used to show the change in mentality is the use of stage directions and dialogue. The use of these techniques show the way that Gwen changes her attitude towards life. At the beginning of the play, the use of repetition of the word ‘no’ demonstrates her negativity. This negativity is changed when Gwen finds out that Tom has a fatal illness and does not have very long to live. This causes Gwen to see her life in a different mentality, changing her into a nicer and more appreciative person. This is shown through the technique of stage directions in the final scene of the play, where ‘the applause is led thunderously by Gwen’. This technique shows the shift in mentality to a much more positive outlook on life. In conclusion, both Gow and Taylor show how people can act as catalysts for change. In both ‘Away’ and ‘The Help’ the main characters are the catalysts for a change in mentality. This change is a time consuming process, however both Gow and Taylor show how valuable this change can be. How to cite Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help, Papers

Financial Accounting Mechanism of Accounting Assisting

Question: Describe about the Financial Accounting for Mechanism of Accounting Assisting. Answer: Introduction This study deals with various systems as well as mechanism of accounting assisting in monitoring and controlling the business operations of Woolworths Limited. In this particular assignment, emphasis has been given to the measurement value of retail organization in Australia named as Woolworths Limited. It describes understanding of concepts of measurement with proper justification from the annual report of Woolworths Limited. It further discusses the problems based upon measurement in presenting on AASB framework standards from using annual reports on Woolworths Limited. It explains the evaluation of issue from the context of AASB or IASB standard framework on Woolworths Limited. It comments upon the relationship between employments of measurement bases rendering useful information from the annual report of Woolworths Limited. Woolworths Limited is one of the Australian listed companies operating in retail sector in and around Australia and New Zealand (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). It is the second largest retail industry after Wesfarmers Limited in terms of revenue. This particular retail sector involves in supermarkets such as rendering petrol, liquor, home improvement as well as hotels and general merchandise (Kang Gray, 2013). This assignment explains the critical evaluation of measurement concepts by pointing out the compliance attributes in accordance with General Purpose Financial Reports using financial information of Woolworths Limited. It detects using solutions for the diverse issues in association with measurement process. This study renders detailed explanation on the concept of prudence and conceptual configuration especially for financial reporting in accordance with AASB or IASB Framework (Miller Power, 2013). The maintenance of prudence and integrity in the financial statements can be analysed for the financial statements. Evaluation of General Purpose Financial Reports Different Measurement bases using Conceptual Framework In this particular question, it requires explaining the concepts of measurement with justified examples based upon Woolworths Limited Company. Conceptual framework for financial reporting mainly aims at describing the objectives of general purpose of financial reporting. It helps in assisting IASB for development of Standards based upon consistent concepts. It enables preparation of developing consistent accounting policies in applying particular transaction or event in the accounting policies (Henderson et al., 2015). Addition to that, it assists others for understanding as well as interpreting Accounting Standards for future analysis purpose. Conceptual Framework helps in indicating intentions for viewing at the principles of the general purpose of financial reporting (Barth, 2013). Conceptual structure is one of the tools for assisting Board of Company for developmental process of financial standards on various notions (Aasb.gov.au., 2016). This particular framework aims in preparing the general purpose of financial reporting based upon effectual and using reliable strategies of accounting. It uses financial standards for authorizing selection of various accounting plans based upon Woolworths Limited. This particular accounting framework enables enhancing structure of financial coverage as it offers absolute as well as restructured set of principles in the most appropriate way (Edwards, 2013). Financial Statement of Woolworths Limited effectively compiles in accordance with Conceptual Framework AASB or IASB principle models. It aims at gathering facts regarding different intention of major financial declarations as well as diverse qualitative uniqueness. Addition to that, it requires usage of usefulness of financial statements for future analysis purpose (DRURY, 2013). From the annual report of Woolworths Limited, it utilizes comprising facts of current asset as well as non-current liabilities and shareholder equity at the same time. It uses items from the financial report of Woolworths Limited for illustrative facts on financial situation of a particular Business Corporation. Addition to that, corporate structure attributes enables in the evaluation process for checking the financial health of Business Corporation from financial perspective such as income, profit as well as operating expenses in an effective way (Deegan, 2013). Therefore, conceptual framework renders deta iled description on diverse factors on recognizing diverse items for making the financial declaration of the Woolworths Limited. Purpose of conceptual framework undertakes interpretation of Standards for initiating the financial reporting entities. It aims in preparing the general purpose of financial reports for developing effective on timely way. IASB proposes for the measurement principles in related information in accordance with measurement method. It depends upon the viewing at the financial position of Woolworths Limited. It is the cost for measurement bases for justification of benefits especially by existing as well as potential investors, creditors and lenders. Various measures have been undertaken for providing necessary information in contributing with future cash flows (Bonin, 2013). Concepts of measurement Problems of measurement in the context of the present AASB Framework As rightly indicated by Donelson et al., (2012), the accounting principles AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement points out towards the procedure of institution of an individual and principle based structure for the purpose of enumeration at fair value during the time there is necessity for the AASB. However, the AASB 13 usually does not change at the time when a specific business entity has the need to employ fair value. As a result, the AASB 13 involves different principles concerning the best exercises, evaluation principles (Apostolou et al., 2013). Besides this, the AASB 13 also calls for the need of implementation of the fair value. The analysis of the financial statements of the company Woolworths Limited reflects the fact that the board of the business entity adheres to the principles laid down by the charter. This is essentially accountable for the purpose of institution as well as analysis of different strategic direction and at the same time supervision of entire procedure of exe cution of the policy of Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The preparers of the financial statements use the historical cost convention for the purpose of the entire presentation of the financial accounts of the company barring different assets as well as liabilities and at the same time certain derivative instruments (Ryan et al., 2014). Therefore, the ascertainment of the fair value as well as historical cost as the basis of the enumeration can be regarded as a problem of measurement (Weil et al., 2013). The conceptual framework can help in understanding the definition, process of recognition as well as measurement of varied components of financial statements, principles of capital as well as maintenance of capital. However, the main objective of the general purpose financial reporting is to provide essential financial information concerning the reporting entity (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Again, the users of the financial information can employ the financial accounts for making decisions (Williams, 2016). Inventory: The assessment of the inventory of the company indicates that the net inventory of the corporation decreased to $ 272 million owing to diverse differences in the timing of imbursements of different creditors (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The incapability to handle the inventory in the retail business of Woolworths Limited can thereby impair the overall competitive position of the corporation (Botzem, 2012). The operating revenue of the company Woolworths Limited is usually presented at the fair value founded on diverse considerations that can be accepted depending upon different criterion for acknowledgment. Therefore, the revenue of the corporation can be recognized at the fair value, recognized net of absolute returns and at the same time discounts (Alexander, 2013). Therefore, the revenue of the firm is recognized at the fair value including certain assets as well as liabilities (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). Accounts Receivables, Bad Debt as well as doubtful debt The corporation Woolworths Limited calculates the accounts receivables in the financial accounts by including different amounts of the goods and services tax Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). However, the trade receivables are essentially recognized at the fair value and are measured at amortised cost by the specific interest mechanism after subtraction of different allowance for impairment (Miller Power, 2013). Plant, property as well as equipment: The corporation plant, property as well as equipment are generally measured at cost after proper subtraction of accumulated depreciation as well as amortization along with the accrued loss of impairment. Again, the company also uses the straight-line method of depreciation over a specific period (Kang Gray, 2013). Evaluation of the issues of measurement in the context of AASB standards and framework As rightly put forward by Henderson et al., (2015), the process of evaluation includes different issues of measurement in the context of AASB standards as well as framework. The analysis of the annual statements point out towards important issues in different accounting strategies adopted by the management of Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The specific issues of accounting that can be recognized from the annual financial statements comprise of the discount rates, assumptions of employee benefits as well as actuarial suppositions (Edwards, 2013). The evaluation of the financial reports of the firm reveals the fact that the cash flows of the corporation are essentially discounted by utilizing a pre tax rate that can help in replicating diverse present suppositions of the entire market concerning the time value of money. Therefore, there arises risk as regards the liability in entirety (Yong et al., 2016). However, the approximations utilized for diverse future ad vantages of members of the staff consider the future salary and wages. The approximations are expected to have adequate material influence (Larcker et al., 2012). In addition to this, the management of the corporation Woolworths Limited also makes suppositions regarding the actuarial aspects. This actuarial suppositions are also said have material influence and can be regarded as a critical issue in accounting. In addition to this, different issues in accounting that are essentially identified by the audit committee of the Woolworths Limited include the process of implementation of the concept of materiality that in turn treats and evaluates the magnitude of specific misstatements in the financial declarations (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). Furthermore, the issues that primarily the finance managers and the audit committee of the company Woolworths Limited faces can be associated to the accounting standards that orient around different intricacies related to adjustments of the c arrying amounts of diverse assets as well as liabilities (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). However, as per the annual statements, the business corporation Woolworth Limited also faces higher degrees of risk as well as intricacies in the process of adjustment of carrying amounts of both assets and liabilities that are included within the consequent periods mentioned in particular notes (DRURY, 2013). Again, the corporation can also make use of diverse models on accounting and that have the need for assignment of the fair value. Analysis of the process of reporting revenue in the financial declarations: Association between process of enumeration and different provision of decision-making The preparers of the financial declarations of Woolworths Limited primarily conform to the stipulations under the Corporations Act 2001 and the principles conditioned under Australian Accounting Standard Board (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). In addition to this, the management of the organization also presents the financial declarations as per different listing rules mentioned under the Australian Stock Exchange (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). In addition to this, the company Woolworths Limited has also adopted the accounting strategy of providing the stable disclosures that can assist the financiers of the corporation in gaining a clear overview concerning the overall financial performance in addition to the financial position of the corporation (Deegan, 2013). Further this, the continuous disclosure also helps in the process of boosting the investors confidence by maintenance of transparency, integrity as well as dependability of the business operations of the entity along wi th the different declarations made by the business concern (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). As rightly put forward by Bonin (2013), the procedure involved in the preparation as well as presentation of financial declarations of the corporation also needs to adhere to different stipulations conditioned under the conceptual framework (CF) under AASB. Again, the conceptual framework also helps in gaining a clear understanding concerning the definition, aims of the financial declarations together with the scope as well as criteria for the acknowledgment of the data (Hall, 2012). Besides this, the structure of the conceptual framework also helps in comprehending different mechanisms involved in the process of measurement of diverse items in the financial declarations of the business concerns (Barth, 2013). Consequently, wide range of investors of the company Woolworths Limited can scrutinize the overall effectiveness as well as efficacy of the operations of the business by way of utilizing the financial declarations of the company Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 20 16). Again, the process of enumeration points out towards orientation of financial declarations of the firm towards prudence in the conceptual constitution. The compliance of the financial statements of the corporation to different pertinent standards can help in making it certain the reliability as well as overall steadiness of the financial declarations (Hall, 2012). In addition to this, the compliance with the pertinent standards can help in the process of analysis of particular financial declarations. However, the conformation with different rules as well as regulations conditioned under the accounting standards can therefore help in the process of averting diverse intentional attempts towards material misstatements in the financial statements (Larcker et al., 2012). This in turn can help in making it certain that the financial announcements presented in accordance with the conceptual configuration can aid in minimizing the committed errors owing to the fraudulent actions and unconsci ous mistakes. The minimization of the errors can help in maintenance of the prudence that refers towards the notion of maintenance of caution with the intention as well as purpose of providing judgements for different intensities of uncertainty (Deegan, 2012). The financial declarations of Woolworths maintaining prudence can benefit from the consistency as well as stability of information and at the same time neutrality of different activities. Therefore, the adherence to the conceptual framework and the maintenance of the prudence can assist in avoiding biasness that can affect the financial performance in the upcoming period (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). This reflects the fact that the maintenance of prudence can help the financiers in maintenance of the reliance on different financial declarations and turn up at functional decisions (Yong et al., 2016). However, the investors can help in evaluation of the overall financial condition of the corporation Woolworths Limited by studying di fferent levels of inventory and the efficacy of the corporation in process of conversion of inventory to sales prior to framing important decisions (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The dimensions used in the process of enumeration of the plant, property as well as equipment can also assist the investors in comprehending the overall value (Ryan et al., 2014). This in turn can help the financiers to become reactive to diverse alternatives of investment of the corporation on plant, property as well as equipment. Again, the investments decisions by the management of the business concern especially might point out towards the overall the negative cash flow that assists the process of creation of revenue during the future period (Williams, 2016). As a result, different items declared in financial declarations according to the requisite principles can thereby assist the shareholders of the firm as well as several other communities of financiers in gaining vivid idea regarding the financi al condition of the corporation (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). Conclusion and Recommendations At the end of the study, it is concluded that the financiers are required to evaluate the various items from financial reports of Woolworths Limited. This enables presenting the various concepts of measurement bases in aligning with the conceptual framework. The above study renders detailed explanation on the AASB Standards Conceptual Framework discussing on the issues faced by Woolworth Limited Company. It requires understanding of the problems in relation with measurement of AASB Standards of Woolworths Limited Company. Addition to that, present study explains relationship between measured employments in Woolworths Limited for making decision-making process. Potential investors analyzes on various items for presentation of financial reports of Woolworths Limited. It explains the disclosure policies of the Australian listed retail firm in compilation with Corporation Act in the year 2001 as well as Australian listed rules. It involves continuous disclosure policies for promotion of confidence of potential investors in alignment with integrity and securities. Inventory of Woolworths Limited increases because of increased establishment of new stores in and around Australia. Potential investors analyzes with the efficiency of Woolworths Limited into sales for final decision-making process. It is important to understand the fact that investors should be aware regarding the investments by Woolworths Limited especially for fixed assets such as Plant, Property and Equipment. There are various investments made in the PPE intangibles for initial cash outflows for generation of profits in the upcoming financial years. This particular attributes boosts extreme level of sentiments for the potential investors ob positive terms. The financiers can utilize the financial statements and make use of the statements for analysing the financial position of the company. The analysis of the statement can help them in framing the decision regarding investments. References Aasb.gov.au. (2016).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. 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