Academic Time Management Essay -- Informative Information

Scholastic Time Management With each new experience come difficulties, and tensions that can be overpowering on the off chance that they are not taken care of and managed in a sensible manner. Starting school is absolutely no special case. Stress takes numerous structures, most eminently in the scholastic sense, as tests, papers, and different undertakings and assignments. Measuring up is a significant part of numerous understudies, and the most ideal method of getting passing marks without yielding all parts of a public activity is successful time the board. Very much created time the executives abilities not just assistance to compose all the various bits of an understudies life it additionally diminishes their degrees of stress and uneasiness, while permitting them to accomplish good evaluation point midpoints. Essentially learning and actualizing valuable time the executives strategies can help anybody through the violent progress to school scholastic life. Stress School life is loaded up with scholastic stressors and tensions that expend most understudies. A large number of the announced causes and timeframes during the school semester wherein understudies experienced increase tension were comparative and steady among their companions. In any case, green bean and sophomores understudies had higher responses to worry than youngsters and seniors (Misra, 2000, 1). This variety is brought about by the underclassmen’s’ absence of solid social encouraging groups of people, and their immature methods for dealing with stress expected to manage school worry because of requesting school work and errands. Scholarly pressure not just originates from the physical remaining task at hand of classes, tests, papers, activities, and assignments, yet in addition from mental elements. The vast majority of the weight and stress understudies face is deliberate. â€Å"Students’ view of the broad information base required and... ...a, 2000, 4). Time the board has been a demonstrated pressure reducer, by helping separate and spread out remaining tasks at hand so understudies can finish assignments with as meager nervousness as could reasonably be expected. Utilizing such hierarchical procedures likewise apportions sufficient measures of study time for each class improving students’ GPA. Time the executives techniques give a compelling manual for working your way through any school understanding and are important to each sort of college understudy. References: Lahmers, Amy. â€Å"Factors related with scholarly time use and scholastic execution of understudies: A recursive approach.† Journal of College Student Development Sept./Oct. 2000: 544-554. Misra, Ranjita. â€Å"College students’ scholastic pressure and its connection to their uneasiness, time the board, and recreation satisfaction.† American Journal of Health Studies 2000: 41-51.

FDRs NEW DEAL A SUCCESS essays

FDRs NEW DEAL A SUCCESS papers Franklin Delano Roosevelts New Deal programs for alleviation and works ventures were gainful to Americas monetary breakdown while helping the country all in all. Prior to these projects, notwithstanding, the country was in a most penniless state. On October 24th 1929 a day known as Dark Thursday came. The financial exchange slammed thus did the economy. Joblessness ran fast through the nation though a large number of Americans were jobless and cash. The country surrendered to perhaps the fiercest occasion ever the Great Depression. Roosevelt, the legislative leader of New York at that point, was very much aware of the requirement for activity and cleared the appointment of 1932. In his debut discourse he discussed Another Deal for America and in this way the New Deal was conceived. When Roosevelt got to work, help was in transit as he made numerous projects to remove the country from tough situations. The most significant ones were FERA, or Federal Emergency Relief Administration, th e CWA, or Civil Works Administration, and the WPA, or Works Progress Administration. Every last one of these projects affected the country that supported in helping the individuals and the seriously scarred economy. They likewise lifted the spirits and ethics of the individuals. What's more, the enduring impacts of the New Deal programs are still felt today, which demonstrates that the help and works progress programs were of outmost advantage to America. Roosevelt was resolved to straightforwardly soothe the enduring of the American individuals. In his debut discourse he stated, I vow you, I vow myself, to another arrangement for the American individuals. He implied that, as president, he guarantees another America that will support the individuals and safeguard their confidence. Roosevelt was focused on getting the country out of the monetary emergency and straightforwardly helping the individuals. The New Deal was comprised of various projects to enable the country to outperform the downturn. Roosevelt had for some time been a supporter of direct government help. He accepted the governmen... <!

How to Simplify Your Life and Reduce Stress

How to Simplify Your Life and Reduce Stress Stress Management Management Techniques Print How to Simplify Your Life and Reduce Stress Streamline and simplify your life to improve your health By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on September 20, 2018 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Kristin Lee / Getty Images Today, people tend to work longer hours, their children have more activities and we generally have more packed schedules than our previous generations did. This can be exciting and enriching, but it can also lead to feelings of constant stress and chaos. If you’re looking for ideas on how to simplify life, you’re not alone; the concept of voluntary simplicity has been gaining popularity since the 1990s because so many people have felt the same. Here are some of the main ways you can reduce stress while still engaging in your favorite activities.   Clear Clutter Many overwhelmed people live in cluttered homes. But, house clutter is both an effect and a cause of stress.  A 2011 study showed that having visual clutter, like having stacks of books or piles of clothes around, triggered the sections of the brain related to stress.  Clutter can bring a general feeling of uneasiness and can literally drain your energy, but getting rid of it is difficult for people with busy schedules. One strategy to simplify life by clearing clutter is to take 15 or 30 minutes each night to tackle one pile at a time, de-cluttering your house space by space. Another strategy is to take several hours one weekend and just be done with it. Either way, you’ll remove a subtle but significant energy drain from your life and replace it with the feelings of relaxation that come from having your home be a haven from stress. Keeping it organized and clutter-free can make your home a safe, stress-free place to relax and unwind.   Cut Out Negative Relationships You may already be aware of the value of solid, supportive relationships in your life, such as the friend who picks you up when your down, celebrates with you when you’re happy and shares events your life as they happen. You may not be as aware of the effects of conflicted relationships, like the critical, unpredictable or competitive friend. It turns out that these toxic friendships actually drain us more than purely negative relationships. This is because we don’t always have strong defenses against the people who are sometimes nice to us, so we can get taken off-guard. If you’re wondering how to simplify life, save yourself grief, frustration and drama if you take an honest look at the relationships in your life and decide which are worth maintaining and which should be let go.   Automate What You Can Getting some of the daily, weekly and monthly work of your life into an automated system can help simplify life and relieve stress in two ways: You don’t have to take time to do the work and you don’t have to clutter your mind by remembering to do the work. Making little changes that take steps out of your daily routine like setting up automatic timers to water your plants or turn off your lights, signing up for automatic bill pay options or getting off junk mail lists can be an easy way to simplify life. By putting in a little initial work, you can then forget about it.   Live Within Your Means To say that money can’t buy happiness is cliché. We all pretty much know this, and research has supported it as well. Many people carry large amounts of debt, leading to worries about making payments, credit scores and bill collectors. The key to avoiding this type of financial stress is simple, but not always easy: Live within your means. This can be a difficult change at first, but one that will bring great rewards, and can significantly lower your stress levels if you’re not living within your means already.   Learn To Say No Many of us dont treat our time as valuable; we over-commit to requests from work, school, and friends, leaving us with no downtime on our own. While most of us have busy schedules these days, it’s important to schedule time for exercise, hobbies and other stress relievers, as well as time for our relationships. One way to find this time is to get better at saying no to time demands that aren’t serving you. After you trade some of your more taxing obligations with some more self-nurturing ones, you should see a lasting change in your stress level, and find yourself living a more simplified life.

Aging Silent Killers Of The Aging Body - 1840 Words

Aging: Silent Killers of the Aging Body Desiray E. Hunt SOCI 4135: Sociology of Aging November 10th, 2017 Silent Killers of the Aging Body Abstract: Honor Statement: This term paper is original work. I have not presented any content that has been copied from the works of others or written by someone else. I have carefully checked my work to make sure my citations are accurate and in the standard American Sociological Association format. Furthermore, I understand that any plagiarism will result in a failing grade for this paper. Desiray Elizabeth Hunt 11/10/17 Signature: Date: Silent Killers of the Aging Body†¦show more content†¦Diabetes has a social, political and program significance in the United States. In addition, older adults in late adulthood with diabetes presents public health challenges for the future to come. With involvement from public health, steps can be taken to prevent and control diabetes and the individuals’ health care needs. The Statement of the Topic: What is Diabetes? According to the Center for Disease Control, diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process for use as energy (Center for Disease Control, n.d). The body supplies its energy by turning in most of the food an individual takes in by turning it into glucose, which is sugar for the body to use as energy (Center for Disease Control, n.d). Diabetes develops because the body does not make enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin it produces effectively. As a result, the glucose or sugar builds up in the individuals’ blood. If severe, diabetes has the potential to cause serious health complications which include heart diseases, failure of the kidneys, blindness and lower-extremity amputations (Center for Disease Control, n.d). In fact, according to the Center for Disease Control, diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States (Center for Disease Control, n.d). 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One of these diseases that plague older adults andRead MoreNuclear Energy Is A Threat Weapon Of Mass Destruction1641 Words   |  7 Pagesit as a silent killer and something that will turn your babies into mutants with six arms, it puts the masses on edge. But, in reality, we experience radiation constantly in our daily lives; as a matter of fact, moderate amounts of radiation are considered beneficial and natural. Every day, radioactive emissions from the stars and other celestial entities bombard the planet, dousing the entire Earth in a fine coating o f good old harmless radiation. Most aren’t even aware that our own bodies are considered

Modernization Theory And Development Of Human Beings

Freedom is essential for the development of human beings. In order for individuals to be free, societies must guarantee a healthy environment which enables citizens to be governed by leaders that represent their interests. The system of government which allows for this is democracy. But democracy, which is a term that comes from the greek demos and kratos â€Å"rule of the people†, will only thrive under appropriate conditions. Modernization theory claims that economic and technological development are the factors conducive to democratic changes (Inglehart, 2014). Economic development is described as â€Å"a process that influences growth and restructuring of an economy to enhance the economic well being of a community, creating jobs and wealth, and improving the quality of life† (Anderson, n.d.). For a long time, Modernization Theory was widely accepted, but after analysing evidence of democratic changes in many nations gathered during the past decades a revised vers ion of it was proposed by Ronald Inglehart, known as the Evolutionary Modernization Theory. According to Inglehart (2014) economic development will tend to lead to democracy, but other outcomes are possible because there are many factors which influence what will happen. Economic development is the main factor that leads to democratization, but cultural change is the other factor that can determine the political outcome in a specific country. Most of the developed countries in the world have democratic regimes. 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Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help Free Essays

People can act as catalysts for change. Both Gow and Taylor use the main character’s circumstances to affect change in attitude amongst the other characters. In ‘Away’, Tom’s fatal illness causes the other characters to realise the value of their lives and become more positive about life. We will write a custom essay sample on Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help or any similar topic only for you Order Now In ‘The help’, Skeeter’s mission to write a book to uncover the harsh mistreatment of the African American helpers to change the white community’s attitude. In both texts the authors use techniques appropriate to their medium to demonstrate this change in attitude. In ‘The Help’ the character Skeeter is the catalyst for change. The change she causes is a change in mentality towards the African American helpers. This change in mentality is represented through Skeeter’s mother. Gow uses contrasting scenes to show the mother’s change in mentality, which is also represented through the general change in the attitude of the white community. This is shown through the juxtaposition of the early scene where Skeeter and her helpers are sitting in the television room watching an African American speak on TV. Skeeter’s mother finds them watching the African American and commands them to turn it off. With the use of a low camera angle Skeeter’s mother shows authority and power over the African American helpers as well as Skeeter herself. In the end scene Skeeter and the African American helpers are watching the same thing on TV. Skeeter sees her mother and goes to turn off the TV. Skeeter’s mother says to leave it on and joins them on the couch. The camera angle changes in this scene from the early scene whereby Taylor makes use of a low camera angle. Skeeter’s mother does not show authority or power over everyone including the African American helpers. Skeeter is shocked by this change in attitude, but is happy that her mother is finally changing her mentality towards the helpers. Therefore through the use of contrasting camera angles, Taylor shows a change in attitude, brought about by the catalyst of Skeeter’s character. In ‘Away’, Gow also uses the main character as the catalyst for change. Like in â€Å"The Help†, the change he causes is a change in mentality of the other characters. This change occurs due to Tom’s fatal illness, which makes the other characters in the play become more positive and realise how precious life is. The change in mentality is shown through one particular character, Gwen. The techniques used to show the change in mentality is the use of stage directions and dialogue. The use of these techniques show the way that Gwen changes her attitude towards life. At the beginning of the play, the use of repetition of the word ‘no’ demonstrates her negativity. This negativity is changed when Gwen finds out that Tom has a fatal illness and does not have very long to live. This causes Gwen to see her life in a different mentality, changing her into a nicer and more appreciative person. This is shown through the technique of stage directions in the final scene of the play, where ‘the applause is led thunderously by Gwen’. This technique shows the shift in mentality to a much more positive outlook on life. In conclusion, both Gow and Taylor show how people can act as catalysts for change. In both ‘Away’ and ‘The Help’ the main characters are the catalysts for a change in mentality. This change is a time consuming process, however both Gow and Taylor show how valuable this change can be. How to cite Certain Catalysts Can Affect Change, Gow’s Away Compared to the Help, Papers

Financial Accounting Mechanism of Accounting Assisting

Question: Describe about the Financial Accounting for Mechanism of Accounting Assisting. Answer: Introduction This study deals with various systems as well as mechanism of accounting assisting in monitoring and controlling the business operations of Woolworths Limited. In this particular assignment, emphasis has been given to the measurement value of retail organization in Australia named as Woolworths Limited. It describes understanding of concepts of measurement with proper justification from the annual report of Woolworths Limited. It further discusses the problems based upon measurement in presenting on AASB framework standards from using annual reports on Woolworths Limited. It explains the evaluation of issue from the context of AASB or IASB standard framework on Woolworths Limited. It comments upon the relationship between employments of measurement bases rendering useful information from the annual report of Woolworths Limited. Woolworths Limited is one of the Australian listed companies operating in retail sector in and around Australia and New Zealand (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). It is the second largest retail industry after Wesfarmers Limited in terms of revenue. This particular retail sector involves in supermarkets such as rendering petrol, liquor, home improvement as well as hotels and general merchandise (Kang Gray, 2013). This assignment explains the critical evaluation of measurement concepts by pointing out the compliance attributes in accordance with General Purpose Financial Reports using financial information of Woolworths Limited. It detects using solutions for the diverse issues in association with measurement process. This study renders detailed explanation on the concept of prudence and conceptual configuration especially for financial reporting in accordance with AASB or IASB Framework (Miller Power, 2013). The maintenance of prudence and integrity in the financial statements can be analysed for the financial statements. Evaluation of General Purpose Financial Reports Different Measurement bases using Conceptual Framework In this particular question, it requires explaining the concepts of measurement with justified examples based upon Woolworths Limited Company. Conceptual framework for financial reporting mainly aims at describing the objectives of general purpose of financial reporting. It helps in assisting IASB for development of Standards based upon consistent concepts. It enables preparation of developing consistent accounting policies in applying particular transaction or event in the accounting policies (Henderson et al., 2015). Addition to that, it assists others for understanding as well as interpreting Accounting Standards for future analysis purpose. Conceptual Framework helps in indicating intentions for viewing at the principles of the general purpose of financial reporting (Barth, 2013). Conceptual structure is one of the tools for assisting Board of Company for developmental process of financial standards on various notions (Aasb.gov.au., 2016). This particular framework aims in preparing the general purpose of financial reporting based upon effectual and using reliable strategies of accounting. It uses financial standards for authorizing selection of various accounting plans based upon Woolworths Limited. This particular accounting framework enables enhancing structure of financial coverage as it offers absolute as well as restructured set of principles in the most appropriate way (Edwards, 2013). Financial Statement of Woolworths Limited effectively compiles in accordance with Conceptual Framework AASB or IASB principle models. It aims at gathering facts regarding different intention of major financial declarations as well as diverse qualitative uniqueness. Addition to that, it requires usage of usefulness of financial statements for future analysis purpose (DRURY, 2013). From the annual report of Woolworths Limited, it utilizes comprising facts of current asset as well as non-current liabilities and shareholder equity at the same time. It uses items from the financial report of Woolworths Limited for illustrative facts on financial situation of a particular Business Corporation. Addition to that, corporate structure attributes enables in the evaluation process for checking the financial health of Business Corporation from financial perspective such as income, profit as well as operating expenses in an effective way (Deegan, 2013). Therefore, conceptual framework renders deta iled description on diverse factors on recognizing diverse items for making the financial declaration of the Woolworths Limited. Purpose of conceptual framework undertakes interpretation of Standards for initiating the financial reporting entities. It aims in preparing the general purpose of financial reports for developing effective on timely way. IASB proposes for the measurement principles in related information in accordance with measurement method. It depends upon the viewing at the financial position of Woolworths Limited. It is the cost for measurement bases for justification of benefits especially by existing as well as potential investors, creditors and lenders. Various measures have been undertaken for providing necessary information in contributing with future cash flows (Bonin, 2013). Concepts of measurement Problems of measurement in the context of the present AASB Framework As rightly indicated by Donelson et al., (2012), the accounting principles AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement points out towards the procedure of institution of an individual and principle based structure for the purpose of enumeration at fair value during the time there is necessity for the AASB. However, the AASB 13 usually does not change at the time when a specific business entity has the need to employ fair value. As a result, the AASB 13 involves different principles concerning the best exercises, evaluation principles (Apostolou et al., 2013). Besides this, the AASB 13 also calls for the need of implementation of the fair value. The analysis of the financial statements of the company Woolworths Limited reflects the fact that the board of the business entity adheres to the principles laid down by the charter. This is essentially accountable for the purpose of institution as well as analysis of different strategic direction and at the same time supervision of entire procedure of exe cution of the policy of Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The preparers of the financial statements use the historical cost convention for the purpose of the entire presentation of the financial accounts of the company barring different assets as well as liabilities and at the same time certain derivative instruments (Ryan et al., 2014). Therefore, the ascertainment of the fair value as well as historical cost as the basis of the enumeration can be regarded as a problem of measurement (Weil et al., 2013). The conceptual framework can help in understanding the definition, process of recognition as well as measurement of varied components of financial statements, principles of capital as well as maintenance of capital. However, the main objective of the general purpose financial reporting is to provide essential financial information concerning the reporting entity (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Again, the users of the financial information can employ the financial accounts for making decisions (Williams, 2016). Inventory: The assessment of the inventory of the company indicates that the net inventory of the corporation decreased to $ 272 million owing to diverse differences in the timing of imbursements of different creditors (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The incapability to handle the inventory in the retail business of Woolworths Limited can thereby impair the overall competitive position of the corporation (Botzem, 2012). The operating revenue of the company Woolworths Limited is usually presented at the fair value founded on diverse considerations that can be accepted depending upon different criterion for acknowledgment. Therefore, the revenue of the corporation can be recognized at the fair value, recognized net of absolute returns and at the same time discounts (Alexander, 2013). Therefore, the revenue of the firm is recognized at the fair value including certain assets as well as liabilities (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). Accounts Receivables, Bad Debt as well as doubtful debt The corporation Woolworths Limited calculates the accounts receivables in the financial accounts by including different amounts of the goods and services tax Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). However, the trade receivables are essentially recognized at the fair value and are measured at amortised cost by the specific interest mechanism after subtraction of different allowance for impairment (Miller Power, 2013). Plant, property as well as equipment: The corporation plant, property as well as equipment are generally measured at cost after proper subtraction of accumulated depreciation as well as amortization along with the accrued loss of impairment. Again, the company also uses the straight-line method of depreciation over a specific period (Kang Gray, 2013). Evaluation of the issues of measurement in the context of AASB standards and framework As rightly put forward by Henderson et al., (2015), the process of evaluation includes different issues of measurement in the context of AASB standards as well as framework. The analysis of the annual statements point out towards important issues in different accounting strategies adopted by the management of Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The specific issues of accounting that can be recognized from the annual financial statements comprise of the discount rates, assumptions of employee benefits as well as actuarial suppositions (Edwards, 2013). The evaluation of the financial reports of the firm reveals the fact that the cash flows of the corporation are essentially discounted by utilizing a pre tax rate that can help in replicating diverse present suppositions of the entire market concerning the time value of money. Therefore, there arises risk as regards the liability in entirety (Yong et al., 2016). However, the approximations utilized for diverse future ad vantages of members of the staff consider the future salary and wages. The approximations are expected to have adequate material influence (Larcker et al., 2012). In addition to this, the management of the corporation Woolworths Limited also makes suppositions regarding the actuarial aspects. This actuarial suppositions are also said have material influence and can be regarded as a critical issue in accounting. In addition to this, different issues in accounting that are essentially identified by the audit committee of the Woolworths Limited include the process of implementation of the concept of materiality that in turn treats and evaluates the magnitude of specific misstatements in the financial declarations (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). Furthermore, the issues that primarily the finance managers and the audit committee of the company Woolworths Limited faces can be associated to the accounting standards that orient around different intricacies related to adjustments of the c arrying amounts of diverse assets as well as liabilities (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). However, as per the annual statements, the business corporation Woolworth Limited also faces higher degrees of risk as well as intricacies in the process of adjustment of carrying amounts of both assets and liabilities that are included within the consequent periods mentioned in particular notes (DRURY, 2013). Again, the corporation can also make use of diverse models on accounting and that have the need for assignment of the fair value. Analysis of the process of reporting revenue in the financial declarations: Association between process of enumeration and different provision of decision-making The preparers of the financial declarations of Woolworths Limited primarily conform to the stipulations under the Corporations Act 2001 and the principles conditioned under Australian Accounting Standard Board (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). In addition to this, the management of the organization also presents the financial declarations as per different listing rules mentioned under the Australian Stock Exchange (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). In addition to this, the company Woolworths Limited has also adopted the accounting strategy of providing the stable disclosures that can assist the financiers of the corporation in gaining a clear overview concerning the overall financial performance in addition to the financial position of the corporation (Deegan, 2013). Further this, the continuous disclosure also helps in the process of boosting the investors confidence by maintenance of transparency, integrity as well as dependability of the business operations of the entity along wi th the different declarations made by the business concern (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). As rightly put forward by Bonin (2013), the procedure involved in the preparation as well as presentation of financial declarations of the corporation also needs to adhere to different stipulations conditioned under the conceptual framework (CF) under AASB. Again, the conceptual framework also helps in gaining a clear understanding concerning the definition, aims of the financial declarations together with the scope as well as criteria for the acknowledgment of the data (Hall, 2012). Besides this, the structure of the conceptual framework also helps in comprehending different mechanisms involved in the process of measurement of diverse items in the financial declarations of the business concerns (Barth, 2013). Consequently, wide range of investors of the company Woolworths Limited can scrutinize the overall effectiveness as well as efficacy of the operations of the business by way of utilizing the financial declarations of the company Woolworths Limited (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 20 16). Again, the process of enumeration points out towards orientation of financial declarations of the firm towards prudence in the conceptual constitution. The compliance of the financial statements of the corporation to different pertinent standards can help in making it certain the reliability as well as overall steadiness of the financial declarations (Hall, 2012). In addition to this, the compliance with the pertinent standards can help in the process of analysis of particular financial declarations. However, the conformation with different rules as well as regulations conditioned under the accounting standards can therefore help in the process of averting diverse intentional attempts towards material misstatements in the financial statements (Larcker et al., 2012). This in turn can help in making it certain that the financial announcements presented in accordance with the conceptual configuration can aid in minimizing the committed errors owing to the fraudulent actions and unconsci ous mistakes. The minimization of the errors can help in maintenance of the prudence that refers towards the notion of maintenance of caution with the intention as well as purpose of providing judgements for different intensities of uncertainty (Deegan, 2012). The financial declarations of Woolworths maintaining prudence can benefit from the consistency as well as stability of information and at the same time neutrality of different activities. Therefore, the adherence to the conceptual framework and the maintenance of the prudence can assist in avoiding biasness that can affect the financial performance in the upcoming period (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). This reflects the fact that the maintenance of prudence can help the financiers in maintenance of the reliance on different financial declarations and turn up at functional decisions (Yong et al., 2016). However, the investors can help in evaluation of the overall financial condition of the corporation Woolworths Limited by studying di fferent levels of inventory and the efficacy of the corporation in process of conversion of inventory to sales prior to framing important decisions (Woolworthslimited.com.au., 2016). The dimensions used in the process of enumeration of the plant, property as well as equipment can also assist the investors in comprehending the overall value (Ryan et al., 2014). This in turn can help the financiers to become reactive to diverse alternatives of investment of the corporation on plant, property as well as equipment. Again, the investments decisions by the management of the business concern especially might point out towards the overall the negative cash flow that assists the process of creation of revenue during the future period (Williams, 2016). As a result, different items declared in financial declarations according to the requisite principles can thereby assist the shareholders of the firm as well as several other communities of financiers in gaining vivid idea regarding the financi al condition of the corporation (Uyar Gungormus, 2016). Conclusion and Recommendations At the end of the study, it is concluded that the financiers are required to evaluate the various items from financial reports of Woolworths Limited. This enables presenting the various concepts of measurement bases in aligning with the conceptual framework. The above study renders detailed explanation on the AASB Standards Conceptual Framework discussing on the issues faced by Woolworth Limited Company. It requires understanding of the problems in relation with measurement of AASB Standards of Woolworths Limited Company. Addition to that, present study explains relationship between measured employments in Woolworths Limited for making decision-making process. Potential investors analyzes on various items for presentation of financial reports of Woolworths Limited. It explains the disclosure policies of the Australian listed retail firm in compilation with Corporation Act in the year 2001 as well as Australian listed rules. It involves continuous disclosure policies for promotion of confidence of potential investors in alignment with integrity and securities. Inventory of Woolworths Limited increases because of increased establishment of new stores in and around Australia. Potential investors analyzes with the efficiency of Woolworths Limited into sales for final decision-making process. It is important to understand the fact that investors should be aware regarding the investments by Woolworths Limited especially for fixed assets such as Plant, Property and Equipment. There are various investments made in the PPE intangibles for initial cash outflows for generation of profits in the upcoming financial years. This particular attributes boosts extreme level of sentiments for the potential investors ob positive terms. The financiers can utilize the financial statements and make use of the statements for analysing the financial position of the company. The analysis of the statement can help them in framing the decision regarding investments. References Aasb.gov.au. (2016).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Alexander, D., (2013).Financial reporting: the theoretical and regulatory framework. Springer. Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J. W., Hassell, J. M., Watson, S. F. (2013). Accounting education literature review (20102012).Journal of Accounting Education,31(2), 107-161. Barth, M.E., (2013). Measurement in financial reporting: The need for concepts.Accounting Horizons,28(2), pp.331-352. Bonin, H., (2013).Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Botzem, S., (2012).The politics of accounting regulation: Organizing transnational standard setting in financial reporting. Edward Elgar Publishing. Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C., (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Deegan, C., (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C., (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Donelson, D. C., McInnis, J. M., Mergenthaler, R. D. (2012). Rules-based accounting standards and litigation.The Accounting Review,87(4), 1247-1279. DRURY, C.M., (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Edwards, J.R., (2013).A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. Howieson, B., (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kang, H. Gray, S.J., (2013). Segment reporting practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 made a difference?.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.232-243. Larcker, D. F., Richardson, S. A., Tuna, I. (2012). Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance.The Accounting Review,82(4), 963-1008. Miller, P. Power, M., (2013). Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Ryan, C., Mack, J., Tooley, S. Irvine, H., (2014). Do Notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Profits Need Their Own Conceptual Framework?.Financial Accountability Management,30(4), pp.383-402. Uno, K. Bartelmus, P. eds., (2013).Environmental accounting in theory and practice(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Uyar, A., Gungormus, A. H. (2016). Factors associated with student performance in financial accounting course. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 4(2), 141-156 Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Williams, B. J. (2016). The new frontiers of accounting fraud: The impact of accounting standards convergence on fair and accurate financial reporting (Doctoral dissertation, UTICA COLLEGE). Woolworthslimited.com.au. (2016).Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing - Woolworths Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Yong, K.O., Lim, C.Y. Tan, P., (2016). Theory and practice of the proposed conceptual framework: Evidence from the field.Advances in Accounting.

Contemporary Sexuality Class Monogamy

Monogamy and polygamy are the two different kinds of marriages that exist in the world today in which the former is regarded as the norm and the latter as the exception to the rule. These social patterns for marriage have differentiating circumstances encompassing their views. Monogamy, common in the developed countries, is whereby a person has one spouse at any one time. In contrast, polygamy, which is commonly favored in the traditional African and Muslim setting, takes place when a single male marries more than one female. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Sexuality Class: Monogamy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The practice of monogamy has been held in high esteem and is considered as the social expectation of anyone in a romantic, sexual relationship. However, as much as this practice has been ingrained in popular culture, it should not continue to be socially expected, demanded of people. We s hould rethink this cultural sexual norm. The practice of polygamy has been unlawful in the United States since 1862. However, it has not been enforced strictly. The Mormon Church is well known for allowing this kind of marriage until the year 1980 when it outlawed it. It is important to note that the practice of polygamy is composed of polygyny and polyandry. Polygyny is whereby a man has at least two wives. On the other hand, polyandry is whereby a woman has at least two husbands. As much as monogamy has been held in high esteem by the developed world, its basic function as the center of civilization has not been understood properly. Most people hold the false perception that monogamy leads to a peaceful social contract, which is the basis for cultural harmony and economic growth. This vague awareness has never been explored intensively. No one has expressed that the practice of having one spouse at a time is merely an ancient compromise whose failure only leads to antagonisms th at people have failed to acknowledge for a long time. After all, this practice is regarded as the result of the age-old sexual dance, apart from others whose characteristics may not be so appealing. Similar to every hard-worn compromise, monogamy is not able to give a perfect result to every person. Closer examination of this practice reveals numerous private dissatisfactions, which remain a form of â€Å"deviance† that is generally suppressed and disapproved by most people. Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although this â€Å"deviance† has proved to be virtually impossible to eradicate, it has formed a nagging undercurrent of displeasure within any monogamous culture. Our society currently is full of children born out of wedlock, sexual infidelity, public prostitution, and an ever-increasing rise in divorce rate. However, if we rethink our sexual cultural norm, we can be able to eliminate some of these evils. This is because some of these evils have resulted since the system of monogamy is unable to make every person happy. It is true that a marked variability exists among people and they often want to be paired with their desirable sexual partners. Because of these, discontentment will always exist under the system of monogamy. Marriage is considered the best of all human institutions since it perpetuates the human race, lays the foundation of an organized society, and leads to the sharing of responsibilities. However, we are aware that these benefits have been denied to many, especially the women. Even as they have been deprived of their rights, the fault is not theirs. Since they possess the same susceptibilities for love that others have, they would prefer a wedded life. The fault can be traced to the tyrannical regulations and the fashions of the artificial system of social life that is practiced in this century. The culture of monogam y must be at fault since it is incapable of giving every one on this planet his or her marriage partner. On the other hand, the system of polygamy does not deprive women the benefits of marriage. The fact that women who are ready for marriage are more than men who are ready for marriage further illustrates this proposition. The surplus of women is due to men dying during warfare, violent incidences, and women living for many years than men. This proves that the system of monogamy is in itself unequal and unjust. It has been proven that women generally mature faster than men do; therefore, young women become marriageable at a much earlier age. Even after reaching marriageable age, most men prefer to devote most of their years working before they start to assume matrimonial duties. The result is that most men wed at a later period in their lives. Therefore, if monogamy will continue to be socially expected, then more women will fail to enjoy a marriage life. Furthermore, it has been observed that many men just do not want to marry even after acquiring the means of supporting a family. A number of them no longer have their youthful desires. In contrast, some have acquired decided habits of celibacy and others are too gay to think of marriage. More so, some are too busy or too selfish and others have been diseased by the contagious poison of low vice which makes them unfit for marriage. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Sexuality Class: Monogamy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the female sex is less susceptible to these difficulties and few of them are usually unwilling to marry. This is because they are naturally dependant on their male counterparts. This dependency is more evident in a marriage relationship. Therefore, it is only in marriage that women are able to fulfill their highest destiny in life. However, monogamy is cruel and oppressive and denies many women from reaching this state in life. Some argue that polygamy is a means of poverty because of the increase of family responsibilities. However, honestly, they fail to notice that a polygamous marriage is more economically secure than a monogamous one. This is because there is an added income, another pair of hands to run the family errands, or perhaps another shoulder to lean on in times of crises. To this end, it is clear that monogamy, which has been held in high esteem for many years, should not continue to be socially expected in our modern world. Polygamy can assist in holding families together and lowering the incidences of infidelity that are common in the society. In a situation in which a wife is barren, the man, in order to preserve his lineage, can comfortably get another wife without throwing out the barren one. If a wife is suffering from a chronic illness, polygamy prevents illicit relationships from taking place. In addition, since men are outnumbered, polygamy is able to deter women from engaging in prostitution to fulfill their sexual desires. This essay on Contemporary Sexuality Class: Monogamy was written and submitted by user Bruce Banner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Small Group Success

Small Group Success Introduction Acts 29 Network is a small group of Christian brothers in more than 400 churches in the US (Acts 29 Network, 2011, para. 1-6). The group’s mission is to spread the Gospel to the whole world and to establish new churches in different parts of the world. The group’s desire is to for a large number of people to be converted by God’s Spirit.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Small Group Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the past decade, the group has been very successful in its effort to attain its mission. For a small group to work effectively, a number of strategies must be integrated. Some of these skills relate to ensuring effective communication. This paper entails an analysis of what has made Acts 29 Network to be successful. The analysis emphasizes on communication in small groups. Analysis In its operation, Acts 29 Network ensures that there is clarity on the groupâ⠂¬â„¢s mission amongst its members. To achieve this, the group ensures that all the ‘planters’ have a clear understanding of the set standards regarding its operations. The network achieves this by incorporating good leadership that ensures a clear and comprehensive understanding of its mission and vision. The group has developed a strong leadership culture that ensures that its members have a strong understanding of its philosophy before starting. To uphold this, the network has integrated continuous communication which entails emphasizing the core values that the members should uphold. This has culminated into the members developing a well-build sense of vision and mission. Additionally, the effective leadership keeps the team members focused. Considering the network’s mission to spread the gospel to the whole world, the group has incorporated the concept of teamwork. This has been achieved by organizing evangelical projects which team members participate in. T he team leaders are effective in helping all members to participate by undertaking a comprehensive explanation of all the activities that the team members are expected to undertake. Some of these activities include participating with other men from different denominations in spreading the gospel. In an effort to ensure that its evangelical projects are successful, the group leaders have integrated open communication. This is attained by ensuring that all its members participate in the decision making process. Team members are free to express their opinion regarding the implementation of the project. This has played a critical role in ensuring that there is harmony with regard to the decision that is taken by the group. According to Keen (2003, p.6), conflicts is one of the major factors that lead to group failure. In a team’s operation, conflicts arise from time to time due to the divergent views of the team members. These conflicts have to be resolved amicably so as to preve nt the team from failing. Ensuring open communication such as the one integrated by Acts 29 Network is one of the ways through which teams can minimize conflicts. This arises from the fact that all the members opinions are taken into consideration.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In summary, Acts 29 Network has been very successful in its effort to achieve its goals. This has arisen from integration of effective communication within the group. For example, the group ensures clarity amongst all the members with regard to its mission. The network also ensures continuous communication of its mission, vision and core values. This significantly contributes towards the members being focused. The group’s success is also associated with its ability to integrate effective team dynamics. For example, the team ensures that all members participate in the de cision making process. This is achieved by integrating open communication. Reference List Acts 29 Network. (2011). About: Act 29 is passionate about churches planting  churches. Retrieved from https://www.acts29.com/about/ Keen, T.(2003). Creating effective and successful teams. West Lafayette,Ind: Ichor Business Books.

Research Study on the Position of the Unites States in World Politics Paper

Study on the Position of the Unites States in World Politics - Research Paper Example ormation of a nation’s view about its importance and role in the world, but also, and perhaps more importantly, determine the manifestations of thus conceived role in trade, culture, diplomacy or war2. In the realm of world politics, however, the position of a state in the international system, along with interstate interactions, is the subject matter of a particular area of study, namely International Relations, usually defined as protracted competition between realist, liberal and radical traditions, or schools of thought3. Realism, as the dominant theoretical tradition throughout the second half of the twentieth century, most notably the Cold War, describes international affairs as â€Å"a struggle for power among self-interested states† within an anarchic environment, where each state seeks to survive on its own4. Liberalism, in turn, includes various theories such as some that regard the interactions between domestic actors – either in the political, societal or economic spheres – as the most important explanatory factors, as well as others that are predominantly focused on political constitutions, economic systems or dominant ideologies5. This paper is intended to examine the set of domestic and international factors and developments that brought about or/and facilitated the US rise to the position of global superpower during the twentieth century, in order to determine whether or not the country is able to retain this position in the years or decades to come. Being based on historical evidence, as well as taking into consideration the theoretical discourse on the basic forces that shape international outcomes6, the paper attempts an insight into China’s ability to challenge or successfully contest the current US supremacy. Historians widely agree that America’s isolationism from the early twentieth century, i.e. from the 1920s to 1940s, should be ascribed to then domestic political priorities such as the commitment to economic development and

Hospitality Management Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Hospitality Management Industries - Essay Example The owners of these multi- ethnic restaurants employ restaurant concept known as â€Å"The Whole World on a Plate† concept to run and manage their businesses. This paper, therefore, describes the various components of â€Å"The whole world on a plate† concept, and how it resonates with my personality. â€Å"The whole world on a plate† concept provides a strategy of pilling flavors from different ethnic communities onto a single plate (Enz 67). While many Americans still seek spicy food, it is a fact that the American cuisine taste has been significantly influenced by Old European cuisines like Greek, German, French and Scandinavian (Enz 67). This has led to greater popularity and recognition of many ethnic foods, in most American societies. About 75 percent of Americans is familiar with Indian soul food, Spanish cuisines, Chinese cuisines, French Creole, and German Cajun, amongst other ethnic dishes. The evolving taste of Americans has created a demand for mixed flavors onto a single dish. In this case, different ethnic dish are carefully mixed, in small potions, and served as a single dish. A bite of tarragon mayonnaise, carrot kimchee, and a sandwich of chipotle pork chop burnt with sugar glaze, from these restaurants, leaves a flavor of nixed tastes (Enz 74). Some of th e dishes served in these restaurants include Berry pies from England, rice pudding from Germany, pasta salad from New York, and Russian apple pie (Enz 73). â€Å"The whole world on a plate† concept is mostly applicable for running Casual Restaurants. This is because the mode of serving is casual and the dishes served are cheap. However, buffet style services are deliverable upon request (Enz 116). Casual restaurants cater for both clientele, who dine at the up market, and those who are regulars at the fast food joints. This positions restaurants serving ethnic dishes between fast food joints and up market restaurants. The

Beliefs of the Republication Party, USA

Beliefs of the Republication Party, USA Caleb Dawson The Republican Platform Ever since a small group of anti-slavery activists met in 1854, the Republican Party has been a strong influence in American government and politics. In 1861, Abraham Lincoln firmly set the Republican Party as one of the two major political parties, when he became their first President and then won the Civil War. Then in the 1980s, Ronald Reagan, widely famed for his conservatism, highlighted the Republican Party’s key principles of freedom, equal opportunity, and God-given rights. Today, Republicans seek to reinstall America’s legacy of freedom and conservatism in the hearts of all Americans with their domestic, economic, and foreign policies. Republicans aim to protect individual freedoms, restore power and influence to communities, and encourage self-sustainability both locally and nationally through their domestic policy. First, the Republican Party holds a very strong view on the heavily debated topic of education. When the public education system first started, Republicans fought against the radical idea. They wanted individual communities to be able to instill their own beliefs into their people. As a result, current Republicans support private schools and home-schooling, which both return the power of teaching closer to the family level (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). Recently, the Supreme Court ruled that prayer is illegal in the school. Feeling that this infringes our religious rights, Republicans strongly promote returning prayer to the school (â€Å"Republican Party on Education,† 2013). Another current issue is that of higher education. With the cost of college quickly rising, stu dent debt is soaring to new heights. In fact, the national student debt has now exceeded the national credit card debt (â€Å"Student Debt,† 2014). To help solve this problem, Republicans seek to stop all federal loans for college and help promote private loans, making long term debt less likely. Another problem is that, more than half of all recent graduates find themselves either working in areas outside their field of study or unemployed. As a result, Republicans say that more students should be encouraged to attend community colleges and technical institutions to get more practical training (â€Å"Republican Party on Education,† 2013). Also hitting the headlines, the energy crisis brings the Republican’s domestic views to light. Specifically about production methods, Republicans support â€Å"increased Federal investment into the development of clean alternative fuels, increased nuclear power, as well as fuels such as ethanol, as a way of helping the U.S. achieve energy independence, as opposed to supporting less use of carbon dioxide-producing methods of generating energy† (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). With coal accounting for 37% of energy produced in the United States, they support improving coal plants and continuing to make them more environmentally-friendly. Also, nuclear energy should be promoted as a great energy source for America. Renewable, green energy sources should be thoroughly researched and promoted, but not as the primary source of energy. When it comes to resources, the Republican Party’s primary goal is for America to achieve self-sustainability. By legalizing and promoting the drilling for oil in many places, such as Alaska, Republicans hope to create many jobs and expand America’s energy resources. However, because of burdensome government regulations, the oil and natural gas industries have been greatly stifled. But by lightening these regulations, Republicans hope to get the American economy moving once again (â€Å"Energy – The All-American Plan,† 2014). A rapidly growing problem, the executive bureaucracy, is the subject of much discussion among Republicans. Although most Republicans believe that the bureaucracy as a whole is violating many American rights, many target regulatory agencies as the main problem. Because regulation has become a punitive threat instead of a beneficial guide, Republicans want new major regulations to have to pass congressional approval before they are applied. Another way through which the Republican Party seeks to reduce the power of the bureaucracy is by removing many of the regulations on businesses. Saying that current regulations are essentially a stealth tax on Americans, Republicans want to remove the regulations that are counter effective and only implement ones that are cost-effective (â€Å"2012 Republican Platform,† 2013). After removing many powers from the federal bureaucracy, Republicans hope to restore those powers back to the state and local levels. For they believe that the level c losest to the area dealt with should be the one to receive the governing authority on it (â€Å"Jefferson Perspective: Bureaucracies,† 1996). The Republican stance on gun control rights is very conservative and protective. Republicans think that the right to own a gun is part of the fundamental right of self-defense; therefore, it should not be infringed upon by the government. Also, Republicans believe ammunition should also be able to be obtained and stored freely without registration. Furthermore, they want to stop lawsuits targeted at gun manufacturers as an attempt to deprive Americans of the rights given to them by the 2nd Amendment. They say that when a tragic event occurs involving a gun, the gun is not the thing that should be regulated. The criminal should be punished, not the rest of the nation. Just like if a person killed someone with a spoon, spoons should not be banned across the nation (â€Å"Republican Party on Gun Control,† 2013R). Showing its Christian heritage, the Republican Party has widely made known its pro-life stance. Their main goal is to make abortion banned except for in cases of incest or rape. Republicans support the human life amendment, which would ban abortion. They support adoption and abstinence instead of adoption clinic referrals (â€Å"Republican Party on the Issues,† 2013). Most Republicans believe that abortion is simply a moral issue. While believing in the Christian principle that every human has a right to life, Republicans claim that abortion is simply murder. Furthermore, they state that the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution never state that an unborn baby does not have the Creator-endowed right to life (â€Å"The Republican Party is the Pro-Life Party,† 2001). Seeking to restore both freedoms and productivity to America, the Republican Party holds strongly to their economic policy. One of the cornerstones of the American success is its free-market economy, so Republicans hold strong opinions on it, encouraging economic prosperity through free markets and individual achievement (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). â€Å"Republicans believe in the importance of sensible business regulations that promote confidence in our economy among consumers, entrepreneurs and businesses alike. However, they oppose interventionist policies that put the federal government in control of industry and allow it to pick winners and losers in the marketplace† (â€Å"2012 Republican Platform,† 2013). When it comes to income tax, Republicans claim it is harmful, for they say it punishes people that save and has grave implications for seniors living on fixed incomes (â€Å"Republican Party on Budget and Economy,†2013). They o ppose a graduated income tax, because it targets those that create jobs and wealth, stifling our free market economy. Supporting the worker, the GOP believes that workers should have the right to decide whether to join a union or not (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). While welfare can be an honorable thing, Republicans do not want it to be abused. While most Republicans agree that a welfare system should be implemented to assist the poor, they prefer the government leave welfare in the hands of the individual and local level. As a result, religious organizations and other charities would become the target for welfare spending. Unfortunately, however, the welfare system is often abused by individuals. So Republicans seek to crack down on these incidents by tightening restrictions on welfare application and benefits (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). Because of poor management many people now use welfare as a means of living. Republicans want welfare only to help people, not to support them (â€Å"Republican Party on Budget and Economy,† 2013). Overall, Republicans are opposed to government-run healthcare. Although many Republican politicians are in favor of Medicare and Medicaid, all are against a government health care program (â€Å"Republican Party (United States),† 2014). â€Å"We oppose government-run health care, which won’t protect the physician-patient relationship, won’t promote competition, and won’t promote health care quality and choice† (â€Å"2012 Republican Platform,† 2013). Republicans also state that government healthcare is used as a method to gain governmental power. For example, many Republicans believe that Obamacare was never really about health, but about government power. Through it, Obama would have taken control of over one-sixth of the economy. Also, if it is fully implemented, Republicans predict that it would itself collapse, demonstrating the inefficiency and uselessness of government healthcare (â€Å"Republican Party on Health Care,† 2013). When it comes to their foreign policy, the Republican Party holds a very proactive stance. In general, most Republicans believe that peace is best acquired though having a strong military. For example, the current Obama Administration wants to cut the members of the military by about 100,000, but Republicans seek to raise the number by that much! (â€Å"Republicans seek to add more in defense spending,† 2014). Further, Republicans acknowledge that America is in a national security crisis. Many people do not realize that China and North Korea are building up long-distance weapons to fire on us; therefore, Republicans say a strong military is key to our safety. They do not however believe America should go policing everybody; instead America should regulate the world just enough to keep us safe (â€Å"John Bolton at CPAC,† 2014). The Republicans seek to completely curb terrorism. Republicans are almost always in agreement with sending American troops abroad to fight terrorist groups. However, when it comes to our homeland, Republicans are split. Some say the government should observe private phone calls and emails in an effort to tighten national security. Others say that this is unconstitutional and that it violates Americans’ right to privacy (â€Å"Differing Views on Terrorism,† 2006). Another point brought up by Republicans is that terrorists will be fighting us no matter where the location is, so it is best to keep to keep a presence in other parts of the world in order to keep the fighting overseas. And moreover, since terrorists do not negotiate and keep fighting to the end, we must annihilate them for any hope of peace (â€Å"Republican Party on War and Peace,† 2013). Republicans believe that America should have the strongest and most modernized nuclear stockpile in the world in an effort to deter any attacks. The GOP thinks that the only way to stop a nuclear war is if all nations reduce or eliminate their nuclear stockpiles. They also know that if America takes the front of this movement, America must keep enough nuclear weapons to deter any other nation. They are worried because the Obama Administration has abandoned America’s nuclear force. This puts America in a vulnerable spot compared to the rest of the world. Also, by abandoning our missile bases in Poland and the Czech Republic, the current administration is undermining America’s missile defense. With nations developing nuclear missiles that can reach the U.S., Republicans state that it is foolish to undermine our own missile shield (â€Å"What Does Your†¦,† 2012). Through their conservative platform, Republicans seek restore liberty and prosperity to America. Founded on Christian morals and principles, the GOP seeks to use its conservative stance to draw American’s back from the invading concept of social liberalism. As the economy of America is rapidly degrading, the Republican Party is trying to reform the government to bring back America’s prosperity. And by having a strong military presence in the world, Republicans hope to make the world a safer place for our nation. As expressed by the GOP themselves, â€Å"The Party’s core principles of freedom and equal opportunity are as relevant today as at our founding, and they are the roadmap for American renewal in a new and interconnected world† (â€Å"Our History,† 2013). Bibliography 2012 Republican National Convention. â€Å"2012 Republican Platform.† 2013. http://www.gop.com/2012-republican-platform_home/ (accessed Feb. 25, 2014). Breitbart. â€Å"John Bolton at CPAC: Replace Obamas Drift, Decline, and Defeatism with Reaganite Peace Through Strength.† 6 March 2014. http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2014/03/06/John-Bolton-at-CPAC-Replace-Obama-s-Drift-Decline-and-Defeatism-with-Reaganite-Peace-Through-Strength (accessed Mar. 28,2014). Dan Balz and Claudia Deane. â€Å"Differing Views on Terrorism.† 2006. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/10/AR2006011001192.html (accessed Mar. 26, 2014). Eyler Robert Coates, Sr. â€Å"Jefferson Perspective: Bureaucracies.† 1996. http://eyler.freeservers.com/JeffPers/jefpco34.htm (accessed Mar. 28, 2014). GOP.gov. â€Å"Energy – The All-American Plan.† http://www.gop.gov/energy/ (accessed Mar. 21, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Budget and Economy.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Republican_Party_Budget_+_Economy.htm (accessed Mar. 23, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Education.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Republican_Party_Education.htm (accessed Mar. 19, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Government Reform.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Republican_Party_Government_Reform.htm (accessed Mar. 23, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Gun Control.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Republican_Party_Gun_Control.htm (accessed Mar. 24,2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Health Care.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Republican_Party_Health_Care.htm (accessed Mar. 23,2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on the Issues.† 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/Republican_Party.htm (accessed Mar. 19, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on War and Peace.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Republican_Party_War_+_Peace.htm (accessed Mar. 26, 2014). On The Issues. â€Å"Republican Party on Welfare and Poverty.† 11 October 2013. http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Republican_Party_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm (accessed Mar. 23, 2014). Republican National Convention. â€Å"Our History.† 2013. http://www.gop.com/our-party/our-history/ (accessed Apr. 11, 2014). RNC for Life. â€Å"The Republican Party is the Pro-Life Party.† 2001. http://www.rnclife.org/brochure/rprolife.html (accessed Mar. 21, 2014). Waging Peace Today. â€Å"What Does Your Political Party Say About Nuclear Weapons.† 12 September 2012. http://wagingpeacetoday.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-does-your-political-party-say.html (accessed Mar. 26, 2014). Walter Pincus. â€Å"Republicans seek to add more in defense spending.† 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/republicans-seek-to-add-more-in-defense-spending/2012/05/07/gIQAKiq48T_story.html (accessed Mar. 28, 2014). Wikipedia. â€Å"Republican Party (United States).† 24 February 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States) (accessed Feb. 25, 2014). Wikipedia. â€Å"Student Debt.† 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_debt (accessed Apr. 3, 2014).

Microprocessor and Interfacing

UNIT II- Peripherals and Interfacing PIO 8255 The parallel input-output port chip 8255 is also called as programmable peripheral input-output port. The Intel’s 8255 is designed for use with Intel’s 8-bit, 16-bit and higher capability microprocessors. It has 24 input/output lines which may be individually programmed in two groups of twelve lines each, or three groups of eight lines. The two groups of I/O pins are named as Group A and Group B. Each of these two groups contains a subgroup of eight I/O lines called as 8-bit port and another subgroup of four lines or a 4-bit port.Thus Group A contains an 8-bit port A along with a 4-bit port. C upper. PIO 8255 †¢ The port A lines are identified by symbols PA0-PA7 while the port C lines are identified as PC4-PC7. Similarly, GroupB contains an 8-bit port B, containing lines PB0-PB7 and 4-bit port C with lower bits PC0- PC3. The port C upper and port C lower can be used in combination as an 8-bitport C. †¢ Both the por t C are assigned the same address. Thus one may have either three 8-bit I/O ports or two 8-bit and two 4-bit ports from 8255. All of these ports can function independently either as input or as output ports.This can be achieved by programming the bits of an internal register of 8255 called as control word register ( CWR ). PIO 8255 †¢ The internal block diagram and the pin configuration of 8255 are shown in fig. †¢ The 8-bit data bus buffer is controlled by the read/write control logic. The read/write control logic manages all of the internal and external transfers of both data and control words. †¢ RD, WR, A1, A0 and RESET are the inputs provided by the microprocessor to the READ/ WRITE control logic of 8255. The 8-bit, 3-state bidirectional buffer is used to interface the 8255 internal data bus with the external system data bus.PIO 8255 †¢ This buffer receives or transmits data upon the execution of input or output instructions by the microprocessor. The contro l words or status information is also transferred through the buffer. †¢ The signal description of 8255 are briefly presented as follows : †¢ PA7-PA0: These are eight port A lines that acts as either latched output or buffered input lines depending upon the control word loaded into the control word register. †¢ PC7-PC4 : Upper nibble of port C lines. They may act as either output latches or input buffers lines. PIO 8255 This port also can be used for generation of handshake lines in mode 1 or mode 2. †¢ PC3-PC0 : These are the lower port C lines, other details are the same as PC7-PC4 lines. †¢ PB0-PB7 : These are the eight port B lines which are used as latched output lines or buffered input lines in the same way as port A. †¢ RD : This is the input line driven by the microprocessor and should be low to indicate read operation to 8255. †¢ WR : This is an input line driven by the microprocessor. A low on this line indicates write operation. PIO 8255 †¢ CS : This is a chip select line.If this line goes low, it enables the 8255 to respond to RD and WR signals, otherwise RD and WR signal are neglected. †¢ A1-A0 : These are the address input lines and are driven by the microprocessor. These lines A1-A0 with RD, WR and CS from the following operations for 8255. These address lines are used for addressing any one of the four registers, i. e. three ports and a control word register as given in table below. †¢ In case of 8086 systems, if the 8255 is to be interfaced with lower order data bus, the A0 and A1 pins of 8255 are connected with A1 and A2 respectively.RD 0 0 0 0 RD 1 1 1 1 RD X 1 WR 1 1 1 1 WR 0 0 0 0 WR X 1 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 1 0 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 X X A0 0 1 0 1 A0 0 1 0 1 A0 X X Input (Read) cycle Port A to Data bus Port B to Data bus Port C to Data bus CWR to Data bus Output (Write) cycle Data bus to Port A Data bus to Port B Data bus to Port C Data bus to CWR Function Data bus tristated Data bu s tristated Control Word Register PIO 8255. †¢ D0-D7 : These are the data bus lines those carry data or control word to/from the microprocessor. †¢ RESET : A logic high on this line clears the control word register of 8255.All ports are set as input ports by default after reset. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. †¢ It has a 40 pins of 4 groups. Data bus buffer Read Write control logic Group A and Group B controls Port A, B and C Data bus buffer: This is a tristate bidirectional buffer used to interface the 8255 to system databus. Data is transmitted or received by the buffer on execution of input or output instruction by the CPU. Control word and status information are also transferred through this unit. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. )Read/Write control logic: This unit accepts control signals ( RD, WR ) and also inputs from address bus and issues commands to individual group of control blocks ( Group A, Group B). †¢ It has the following pins. a) CS – Chipselect : A low on this PIN enables the communication between CPU and 8255. b) RD (Read) – A low on this pin enables the CPU to read the data in the ports or the status word through data bus buffer. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) WR ( Write ) : A low on this pin, the CPU can write data on to the ports or on to the control register through the data bus buffer. ) RESET: A high on this pin clears the control register and all ports are set to the input mode e) A0 and A1 ( Address pins ): These pins in conjunction with RD and WR pins control the selection of one of the 3 ports. †¢ Group A and Group B controls : These block receive control from the CPU and issues commands to their respective ports. c) Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ Group A – PA and PCU ( PC7 -PC4) †¢ Group B – PCL ( PC3 – PC0) †¢ Control word register can only be written int o no read operation of the CW register is allowed. a) Port A: This has an 8 bit latched/buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in 3 modes – mode 0, mode 1, mode 2. b) Port B: This has an 8 bit latched / buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in mode 0, mode1. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture). c) Port C : This has an 8 bit latched input buffer and 8 bit out put latched/buffer. This port can be divided into two 4 bit ports and can be used as control signals for port A and port B. it can be programmed in mode 0. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ These are two basic modes of operation of 8255.I/O mode and Bit Set-Reset mode (BSR). †¢ In I/O mode, the 8255 ports work as programmable I/O ports, while in BSR mode only port C (PC0-PC7) can be used to set or reset its individual port bits. †¢ Under the I/O mode of operation, further there are three modes of operation of 8255, so as to support different types of applications, mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ BSR Mode: In this mode any of the 8-bits of port C can be set or reset depending on D0 of the control word. The bit to be set or reset is selected by bit select flags D3, D2 and D 1 of the CWR as given in table. I/O Modes : a) Mode 0 ( Basic I/O mode ): This mode is also called as basic input/output mode. This mode provides simple input and output capabilities using each of the three ports. Data can be simply read from and written to the input and output ports respectively, after appropriate initialisation. D3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Selected bits of port C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 BSR Mode : CWR Format PA 8 2 5 5 PCU PCL PA6 – PA7 PC4 – PC7 PC0-PC3 PB PB0 – PB7 8 2 5 5 PA PCU PCL PB PA PC PB0 – PB7 All Output Port A and Port C acting as O/P. Port B acting as I/PMode 0 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. The salient features of this mode are a s listed below: Two 8-bit ports ( port A and port B )and two 4-bit ports (port C upper and lower ) are available. The two 4-bit ports can be combinedly used as a third 8-bit port. Any port can be used as an input or output port. Output ports are latched. Input ports are not latched. A maximum of four ports are available so that overall 16 I/O configuration are possible. All these modes can be selected by programming a register internal to 8255 known as CWR. 2. 3. 4. †¢ Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. †¢ The control word register has two formats. The first format is valid for I/O modes of operation, i. e. modes 0, mode 1 and mode 2 while the second format is valid for bit set/reset (BSR) mode of operation. These formats are shown in following fig. D7 1 D6 X D5 X D4 X D3 D2 D1 D0 0- Reset 0-for BSR mode Bit select flags D3, D2, D1 are from 000 to 111 for bits PC0 TO PC71- Set I/O Mode Control Word Register Format and BSR Mode Control Word Register Format PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 R D CS GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PB0 PB1 PB2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR Reset D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 8255A 8255A Pin Configuration = D0-D7 CS RESET 8255A A0 A1 RD PA0-PA7 PC4-PC7 PC0-PC3 PB0-PB7 Vcc WR GND Signals of 8255 3 Group A control 1 D0-D7 Data bus Buffer 8 bit int data bus 4 Group A Port A(8) PA0-PA7 Group A Port C upper(4) Group B Port C Lower(4) PC7-PC4 PC0-PC3 2 RD WR A0 A1 RESET CS Block Diagram of 8255 READ/ WRITE Control Logic Group B control PB7-PB0 Group B Port B(8) D7 D6 D5 Mode for Port A D4 PA D3 PC U D2 Mode for PB D1 PB D0 PC LMode Set flag 1- active 0- BSR mode Group – A 1 Input PC u 0 Output 1 Input PA 0 Output 00 – mode 0 Mode 01 – mode 1 Select of PA 10 – mode 2 Group – B PCL PB Mode Select 1 Input 0 Output 1 Input 0 Output 0 mode- 0 1 mode- 1 Control Word Format of 8255 Modes of Oper ation of 8255 (cont.. ) b) Mode 1: ( Strobed input/output mode ) In this mode the handshaking control the input and output action of the specified port. Port C lines PC0-PC2, provide strobe or handshake lines for port B. This group which includes port B and PC0-PC2 is called as group B for Strobed data input/output. Port C lines PC3-PC5 provide strobe lines for port A.This group including port A and PC3-PC5 from group A. Thus port C is utilized for generating handshake signals. The salient features of mode 1 are listed as follows: Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) 1. 2. 3. 4. Two groups – group A and group B are available for strobed data transfer. Each group contains one 8-bit data I/O port and one 4-bit control/data port. The 8-bit data port can be either used as input and output port. The inputs and outputs both are latched. Out of 8-bit port C, PC0-PC2 are used to generate control signals for port B and PC3-PC5 are used to generate control signals for port A. he lines PC6, PC7 may be used as independent data lines. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The control signals for both the groups in input and output modes are explained as follows: Input control signal definitions (mode 1 ): †¢ STB( Strobe input ) – If this lines falls to logic low level, the data available at 8-bit input port is loaded into input latches. †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) – If this signal rises to logic 1, it indicates that data has been loaded into latches, i. e. it works as an acknowledgement. IBF is set by a low on STB and is reset by the rising edge of RD input.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – This active high output signal can be used to interrupt the CPU whenever an input device requests the service. INTR is set by a high STB pin and a high at IBF pin. INTE is an internal flag that can be controlled by the bit set/reset mode of either PC4 (INTEA) or PC2(INTEB) as shown in fig. †¢ INTR is reset by a falling edge of RD input. Thus an external input device can be request the service of the processor by putting the data on the bus and sending the strobe signal. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. Output control signal definitions (mode 1) : †¢ OBF (Output buffer full ) – This status signal, whenever falls to low, indicates that CPU has written data to the specified output port. The OBF flip-flop will be set by a rising edge of WR signal and reset by a low going edge at the ACK input. †¢ ACK ( Acknowledge input ) – ACK signal acts as an acknowledgement to be given by an output device. ACK signal, whenever low, informs the CPU that the data transferred by the CPU to the output device through the port is received by the output device.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – Thus an output signal that can be used to interrupt the CPU when an output device acknowledges the data received from the CPU. INTR is set when ACK, OBF and INTE are 1. It is reset by a falling edge on WR input. The INTEA and INTEB flags are controlled by the bit set-reset mode of PC 6and PC2 respectively. 1 0 1 0 Input control signal definitions in Mode 1 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 1 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC6 – PC7 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC4 PC5 STBA IBFA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0PB0 – PB7 INTEB PC 2 PC1 STBB IBFB PC3 RD PC6 – PC7 INTRA I/O PC0 INTR A Mode 1 Control Word Group A I/P RD Mode 1 Control Word Group B I/P STB IBF INTR RD DATA from Peripheral Mode 1 Strobed Input Data Transfer WR OBF INTR ACK Data OP to Port Mode 1 Strobed Data Output Output control signal definitions Mode 1 1 0 1 0 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 0 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC4 – PC5 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC7 PC6 OBF ACKA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PB0 PB7 INTEB PC PC2 1 OBFB ACKB PC3 WR PC4 – PC5 PC0 INTRA I/O INTRB Mode 1 Control Word Gr oup AMode 1 Control Word Group B Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Mode 2 ( Strobed bidirectional I/O ): This mode of operation of 8255 is also called as strobed bidirectional I/O. This mode of operation provides 8255 with an additional features for communicating with a peripheral device on an 8-bit data bus. Handshaking signals are provided to maintain proper data flow and synchronization between the data transmitter and receiver. The interrupt generation and other functions are similar to mode 1. †¢ In this mode, 8255 is a bidirectional 8-bit port with handshake signals.The RD and WR signals decide whether the 8255 is going to operate as an input port or output port. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Salient features of Mode 2 of 8255 are listed as follows: The single 8-bit port in group A is available. The 8-bit port is bidirectional and additionally a 5-bit control port is available. Three I/O lines are available at port C. ( PC2 â⠂¬â€œ PC0 ) Inputs and outputs are both latched. The 5-bit control port C (PC3-PC7) is used for generating / accepting handshake signals for the 8-bit data transfer on port A.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Control signal definitions in mode 2: †¢ INTR – (Interrupt request) As in mode 1, this control signal is active high and is used to interrupt the microprocessor to ask for transfer of the next data byte to/from it. This signal is used for input ( read ) as well as output ( write ) operations. †¢ Control Signals for Output operations: †¢ OBF ( Output buffer full ) – This signal, when falls to low level, indicates that the CPU has written data to port A. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) ACK ( Acknowledge ) This control input, when falls to logic low level, acknowledges that the previous data byte is received by the destination and next byte may be sent by the processor. This signal enables the internal tristate buffers to send the next data byte on port A. †¢ INTE1 ( A flag associated with OBF ) This can be controlled by bit set/reset mode with PC6 . †¢ Control signals for input operations : †¢ STB (Strobe input ) A low on this line is used to strobe in the data into the input latches of 8255. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) When the data is loaded into input buffer, this ignal rises to logic ‘1’. This can be used as an acknowledge that the data has been received by the receiver. †¢ The waveforms in fig show the operation in Mode 2 for output as well as input port. †¢ Note: WR must occur before ACK and STB must be activated before RD. WR OBF INTR ACK STB IBF Data bus RD Mode 2 Bidirectional Data Transfer Data from 8085 Data towards 8255 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The following fig shows a schematic diagram containing an 8-bit bidirectional port, 5-bit control port and the relation of INTR with the control pins. Port B ca n either be set to Mode 0 or 1 with port A( Group A ) is in Mode 2. Mode 2 is not available for port B. The following fig shows the control word. †¢ The INTR goes high only if either IBF, INTE2, STB and RD go high or OBF, INTE1, ACK and WR go high. The port C can be read to know the status of the peripheral device, in terms of the control signals, using the normal I/O instructions. D7 1 D6 1 D5 X D4 X D3 X D2 1/0 D1 1/0 D0 1/0 1/0 mode Port A mode 2 Port B mode 0-mode 0 1- mode 1 PC2 – PC0 1 – Input 0 – Output Port B 1- I/P 0-O/P Mode 2 control word PC3 PA0-PA7 INTR INTE 1 PC7 PC6 OBF ACK STB IBF 3 I/O INTE 2 RD WR PC4 PC5 Mode 2 pins